Linchpinning Off a Steep Cliff

by JC Hewitt on June 16, 2010

Crash and burn

I enjoyed Seth Godin’s Linchpin. I welcome Godin’s exhortations to perform more “emotional labor,” because that’s what I’m good at. I’m a mediocre programmer, have poor hand-eye coordination, no meaningful skills beyond communication, and have gotten by primarily thanks to a combination of wit and charm.

When I throw myself into a project, I tend to become fanatical about it. If a manager or editor exhorts me to excel, it makes me happy to follow through.

But one thing that I’ve learned from my relatively brief time in the work force is that the world is full of “linchpins” – indispensible workers that keep an organization together.

And most of them get screwed!

Covering for Drunks, Ex-Cons, and Layabouts

The world is swarming with people who will do exorbitant amounts of work for very little pay. They will pick up the slack for other people and never complain. They will work nights and weekends with a smile on their face.

At least for a time.

I wrote a column about this phenomenon for Wage Slave Rebel back in March.

I knew a woman once who put up with near-daily sexual harassment from a sales staff composed mostly of ex-cons, sexual harassment from clients, and endured the shenanigans of two co-workers in her department that showed up to work hung-over on a regular basis. She took responsibility for all their mis-steps.

When they failed to finish their assignments, she would do their work for them.

And she wouldn’t complain. Because they were friends.

Eventually, she decided to move away and negotiate a remote work agreement. Without her efforts, the company had to fold the department and lay off dozens of people.

She kept the company moving, but the very fact that she was “indispensable” made her the Atlas of that company. She maintained the profitability of the division. If the company owner had been smart, he would’ve fired himself and hired her to take his position at a higher wage.

At some point, she decided to shrug. And the company died.

Build My Company on the Cheap

A friend recently told me a story about a once-small company that he once worked for.

The company’s founder, through tireless effort and self-promotion, transformed the company from one that had to chase dozens of contracts in the low four figures into one that thrived on several corporate contracts worth over $300,000 each.

She had relied primarily upon two veterans of the marketing and advertising to claw the company up from the depths of the internet netherworld to some serious brand names.

Although there’s a certain romance to small businesses – and they’re politically popular to praise – the reality is that life in the small business world is typically nasty, brutish, and short.

Most of the companies are selling something that no one wants to buy. Some of them are outright fraudulent. And there’s no web marketing strategy that can make a terrible product or company salable.

So, this founder, who kept most of her equity to herself, had systematically under-compensated her employees during the growth period. Salary negotiations with those two star employees – who succeeded in transforming a frazzled small business into a successful boutique firm – fell through.

They quit.

The company is still there, but it’s questionable as to whether or not it will be able to maintain its success.

Rewarding the Indispensable

Talent deserves to be rewarded.

Although certain psychologists and management “experts” may enjoy pointing to studies that show that compensation and job satisfaction have a limited correlation, that doesn’t mean that it’s not important.

If someone is indispensable to your organization, they deserve not only to be treated with respect, but to be compensated based on performance. This will never be a scientific process. They’ve been paying bonuses on Wall Street since time immemorial. Traders are famous recipients of extremely high compensation. But that’s because their performance can be objectively measured. When your trader has the capability of earning hundreds of millions of dollars a year, you have to pay a large bonus to retain them.

Programmers, engineers, managers, and others are a different breed, of course. In many cases, it’s extraordinarily difficult to measure performance objectively. But if you’re expecting extreme performance from your employees, you need to be prepared to offer them rewards commensurate to their individual contribution. In almost any company, there’s going to be a top 20% of performers responsible for the majority  of profits and growth.

It’s rarely appropriate to merely promote those people into a management position. Management is a unique discipline that few people are properly qualified for. If someone is fantastic at their discipline, they ought to be encouraged to develop those skills.

Being indispensable is an unpleasant experience for most employees. It creates the same level of pressure and stress typical of an executive, with none of the compensation. If you place executive level responsibilities on an employee, they ought to be compensated like an executive.

Even at a startup, it makes sense to compensate in equity in addition to salary if you expect someone to provide elite performance.

Employees crave respect, recognition, structure, predictability, and adequate compensation.

Merely because business magazines assert that somehow human nature has changed and that most employees have become hardened mercenaries who only care about themselves and expect to be dispensed with at a moment’s notice doesn’t mean that everyone ought to praise that development.

These are problems created by humans. We can solve them, too.

  • http://www.markbrimm.com Mark Brimm

    I do think exploiting of linchpins in the corporate workplace has been somewhat overlooked. Having worked in a few corporate cultures since the age of 19 onward, I've never seen the expectation be that the workers be linchpins on (and off) the job for their employer. After There just wasn't Godin's book to sing the praises and frame it into an emotionally satisfying proposition with self-discovery (passion!) and longevity benefits (career prospects…and the hint of vague threat of losing one's job!) for the linchpin. In many ways, it could be argued that the book came out chiefly as a revival of worker morale during one of the most severe economic downturns since the Great Depression, as an anticipation of the massively job-draining aftermath of economic bubbles rather than anything new–like a gathering together of insights about what makes a person able to keep their job while co-workers are falling away left and right. It emphasizes employee career motivations to work harder to be indispensable, and deemphasizes management responsibilities to the linchpin (we'd already been considering employees expendable for some time now). Ultimately, I think there is far more liberating and passion-discovering potential for the entrepreneur in being a linchpin…for themselves or for smaller more fit businesses, than as a corporate employee, except for some really exceptional forward-thinking company cultures out there lead by entrepreneurial visionaries (like, say, Apple?). That's not to say that Linchpin isn't a useful set of ideas, but only to say where's the management companion to Linchpin? There should be a Managing Linchpins book to help companies avoid some of the ugly mass-layoffs and wasteful over-hiring in the first place?

  • http://twitter.com/marlitah Marlita H

    Mark, having a day job with a large (and I mean large) corporation, I agree with your assessment. Being a linchpin is only rewarding when there is a promise of reward for it and in this job market, that's a lot harder to come by. In a small firm (been there too), there is not only the increased potential for being noticed but also the opportunity/necessity for variability in one's responsibilities.

    I believe an example of a forward-thinking company that you refer to might be Google in its early days but they grew out of it. Sun also used to be that way and encouraged its employees' creativity and provided creature comforts. At the office in Sunnyvale that I visited, they used to have meetings in rooms that had rocking chairs; provided free espresso (with skim or 2% in the fridge!); and had a foosball table in their break room. This may seem trivial or a waste of money to some but when you're working 70-80 hours a week., it helps to be able to kick back.

    I also think that it is a less than optimal managerial practice to create/foster linchpins without a solid contingency plan. In my present position, I refer it as the Mr/Ms Linchpin Gets Hit By a Truck Plan. This is necessary, whether you compensate that person well or not. Compensation might actually be considered part of your risk management :-)

  • http://www.markbrimm.com Mark Brimm

    Great examples! I wonder if productivity is really boosted by limiting creativity via the streamlining of perks? I've been at a lot of smaller startups in marketing and IT that simply didn't help foster a linchpin (often not knowing one when they saw one).

    I saw some non-linchpins being groomed as what they could never be, while believers seemed scared for their lives. The advent of contract work forces I think was intended to create linchpin nurseries when in fact they often seem more like a survival of the fittest. Sort of like saying “one day you may earn a ticket out of the storage room to a cubicle in the big room with all the cameras in plain sight”. The work culture in too many web teams often leave a lot to be desired. Most of the innovating contractors proving themselves seemed to typically respond something more like “yeah, but it 's tense in the big room…maybe I'll just stay in the storage room with the calm and collected innovators and rock all day”. In short, everyone established on the team would feel like “how can I connect with the innovators? I feel like they live a world away!” And we typically did. I guess my personal experience saw a lot of linchpin-selection and killing going on.

    Great thing I wasn't looking for longterm employment as anything other than a contracted vendor in any of the companies I've dealt with in the past ten years. Others were, and don't fit in because they won't stop solving problems. I've seen that a lot. I've seen the heat of solving problems and those who should be steering sitting back till solutions are being passed out and implemented–then the axes come out and many of the linchpins themselves are hacked off so that credit can be properly attributed to ambitious (read: scared?) office managers out to dazzle superiors.

  • http://twitter.com/jckhewitt JC Hewitt

    Well, I think it's a bit new in recognizing the importance of individual labor and bringing passion to your work.

    I agree that management could really use some kind of companion literature for how to manage independent, creative, and multi-talented workers. The literature and the business schools really do a poor job of doing anything but sorting people into different colored boxes.

    I think that a “linchpin” isn't really managed. They're self-managing. The manager has to facilitate them – get them what they need, coach them, and keep them within the boundaries of higher order goals.

    But the morale issue is just huge.

  • http://twitter.com/marlitah Marlita H

    From what I've seen, linchpins don't get the axe but I've seen them either die on the vine or decide to plant their roots elsewhere. The last part comment about hacking off the linchpin for the manager to take credit for the work can only be accomplished if those managers understand the actually work of the linchpin well enough to fill in the absence. Most people have more of a sense of self-preservation than that.

    But then, lets think again about what the true value of an innovator is. I don't believe personally that being irreplaceable is healthy for the linchpin or for the door as a whole. The real value of an innovator is to be able to pass that knowledge to others to enable them to do better jobs themselves. One has to relinquish some ego in doing so and the team has to take on responsibility of acquiring knowledge as well. This has to do with team management more than anything else, even for a small company. I think the danger with startups is that you think you can overlook personality issues because you have a flurry of work and in a large company personality issues can be hidden or shifted off to other areas with addressing them.

  • http://twitter.com/jckhewitt JC Hewitt

    Hahaha, well said!

    I'm always bothered when I meet people who, say, work 80 hour weeks, are very intelligent, excel beyond their peers – and are way under-compensated and taken for granted by management. In many companies, it seems like the only strategy to cultivate talent is to just treat it as “free extra labor.”

    I think that companies that show fidelity to employees – whether small or large – are more likely to win more loyalty in return.

  • http://twitter.com/jckhewitt JC Hewitt

    Maybe it's a little crass to refer to people as capital equipment, but layoffs are a lot like destroying your machinery. Unless the person is extremely old and incapable of re-training, it really is a terrible loss. It can serve to temporarily boost earnings, but in the long run, it deteriorates the company.

    That is unless a company has become completely unmanageable and terrible errors have been made at some point down the line. Many companies have over-hired and over-expanded extravagantly.

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